What we know and what we don't know about the perioperative use of methadone in children and adolescents

Pediatric Anesthesia

Reviewed July 2023 by Dr Sorcha Evans

Summary This review article looks at methadone use in the paediatric perioperative population summarising the benefits and risks. A brief description of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is...

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intrathecal versus Caudal Morphine-Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia and Cortisol Levels in Pediatric Patients

Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia and Cortisol Levels in Pediatric Patients

Anesthesia Analgesia

Reviewed September 2025 by Dr Stephanie Pauling

This study compared the analgesic outcomes of caudal morphine and bupivacaine with intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in patients aged 1-5 having general, urological and orthopaedic surgery below...

Comparison of analgesic efficacy and safety of caudal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal dexmedetomidine in paediatric infraumbilical surgeries

A randomised controlled trial

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

Reviewed January 2026 by Dr Matt Hart

Summary This randomised, double-blind non-inferiority trial compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of caudal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to a single-shot...