Second infant spinal anesthetic

Incidence, dose modification, and adverse events after initial failure

Pediatric Anesthesia

Reviewed August 2024 by Dr Henrik Hack

Study Aim & background To determine the overall spinal failure rate, incidence of second spinal attempt and success rate and any associated adverse events in infants. The Royal Children's...

Safety of Intrathecal Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Spinal Anesthesia in Infants and Children

Pediatric Anesthesia

Reviewed September 2025 by Dr David Roche

This retrospective chart review explores the safety of intrathecal clonidine in infants and children up to 3 years of age who received spinal anaesthesia. Methods In this single centre study the...

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intrathecal versus Caudal Morphine-Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia and Cortisol Levels in Pediatric Patients

Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia and Cortisol Levels in Pediatric Patients

Anesthesia Analgesia

Reviewed September 2025 by Dr Stephanie Pauling

This study compared the analgesic outcomes of caudal morphine and bupivacaine with intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in patients aged 1-5 having general, urological and orthopaedic surgery below...