Caudal Block, High Flow Oxygen Insufflation and Dexmedetomidine Sedation for Infant Inguinal Hernia Surgery-An Analysis of Post-Study Implementation Into Clinical Practice.
An Analysis of Post-Study Implementation Into Clinical Practice.
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed May 2025 by Dr Michael Tan
This study is a prospective, multicentre, observational study across two Australian centres and one New Zealand centre. The aim was to assess the feasibility of intravenous dexmedetomidine, high-flow...
Consensus recommendations for paediatric airway topicalisation using lidocaine
Anaesthesia
Reviewed January 2026 by Dr Roeland Passier
This systematic literature review, followed by a three-round Delphi process, was conducted by an international expert multidisciplinary, multi-society working group. It produced consensus...
Design considerations for development of cuffed endotracheal tube for small airways
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed May 2025 by Dr Cedric Sottas
This paper and the work relating to the design of endotracheal tubes specifically for the paediatric population was sponsored and funded by Medtronic. The article begins by introducing technical...
Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation
Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed May 2025 by Dr Henrik Hack
A large, prospective, observational study using data from the international, multi-centre PEDI registry. Data was contributed from 18 institutions. All cases of awake supraglottic airway (SGA)...
High-flow nasal oxygen for children's airway surgery to reduce hypoxaemic events
A randomised controlled trial
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Richard Barnes
This prospective randomised trial was conducted in five tertiary Australian paediatric centres. The trial compared two techniques of oxygen delivery during tubeless ENT airway surgery in children...
Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants
The New England Journal of Medicine
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Siak Lee
This study compares first pass intubation success using video vs. direct laryngoscopy in neonates. Single centre, randomised, prospective trial of 214 patients at a tertiary centre in Dublin...
Natural airway as an alternative to intubation for pediatric endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal
A retrospective cohort study of 326 patients
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed August 2024 by Dr Chloe Heath
Endoscopic removal of oesophageal foreign bodies (EFB) in children is an urgent or emergency procedure traditionally performed with endotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. A shift in...
Comparison of preformed microcuff and preformed uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric cleft palate surgery
A randomized controlled trial
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed July 2024 by Dr Kevin McCarthy
This was an RCT of microcuff oral RAE versus uncuffed oral RAE endotracheal tubes for cleft palate surgery. The microcuff tubes were associated with a lower tube exchange rate (0% vs. 38%) and lower...
The accuracy of the ultrasound measured transverse cricoid diameter and the epiphyseal transverse diameter of the distal radius in predicting the pediatric endotracheal tube size
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed January 2024 by Dr Sorcha Evans
This single centre prospective randomised study in Egypt looked at the use of USS measurements of the transverse cricoid distance (TCD) and the epiphyseal diameter of the distal radius to predict the...
Efficacy of a hybrid technique of simultaneous videolaryngoscopy with flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficult direct laryngoscopy in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry
Anaesthesia
Reviewed December 2023 by Dr David Rawson
This study examined the effectiveness and safety of a hybrid technique – videolaryngoscope (VL) with flexible bronchoscope (FB) – in paediatric patients with difficult tracheal intubation. Methods: -...
Modified technique for endobronchial blocker placement in pediatric patients undergoing thoracic surgery
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed December 2023 by Dr Shravya Karna
Summary: Despite one-lung ventilation providing optimised surgical conditions, positioning an extraluminal Arndt endobronchial blocker (AEBB) remains challenging particularly in children aged less...
Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange Augments Oxygenation in Children With Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis During Surgery
A Prospective Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed December 2023 by Dr Chris Brasher
Children undergoing suspension laryngoscopy for papillomatosis surgery were randomised to either THRIVE or room air during apnoea. All patients were paralysed and intubated/ventilated periodically....
Effect of Tulobuterol Patch Versus Placebo on the Occurrence of Respiratory Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomies
A Randomized Controlled Trial
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed August 2023 by Dr J Houghton
Hypothesis: Inhaled B-2 agonists have proven benefits in reducing the incidence of paediatric perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAE). Therefore, transdermal tulobuterol (peak effect 9-12...
Difficult or impossible facemask ventilation in children with difficult tracheal intubation
A retrospective analysis of the PeDI registry
British Journal of Anaesthesia
Reviewed September 2023 by Dr Rory Walsh
Summary: The Pediatric Difficult Intubation (PeDI) Registry is a large, multicentre international registry that collects data on paediatric patients where difficult intubation is identified. The...
Videolaryngoscopy in neonates
A narrative review exploring the current state of the art
Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
Reviewed March 2023 by Dr Ashton Speed
Summary This article is a narrative review exploring the utility, benefits and pitfalls of the use of videolaryngoscopy in children with a specific focus on the current practice of neonatal tracheal...
Rapid sequence induction in Paediatric Anaesthesia
A narrative review
Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
Reviewed March 2023 by Dr Christopher Dawson
Overview Bronchial aspiration - dangerous for our patients and medico-legally and morally dangerous for providers. This narrative review presents an overview of rapid sequence induction (RSI) as it...
Applied forces with direct versus indirect laryngoscopy in neonatal intubation
A randomized crossover mannequin study
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
Reviewed August 2023 by Dr Caroline Mann
This is a single centre randomized crossover trial comparing applied oropharyngeal forces of tracheal intubation of direct laryngoscopy versus video laryngoscopy in a neonatal manikin. Manikin...
What airway management information do anaesthetic charts prompt for? An audit of charts from 132 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed July 2023 by Dr Ian Miles
This article presents the results of an audit of blank anaesthetic charts from 132 hospitals accredited for training by ANZCA. The charts were evaluated for 17 data fields describing tracheal...
Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen on hypoxaemia during procedural sedation
A systematic review and meta-analysis
Anaesthesia
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Derek Rosen
Overview - Systematic review of the effect of high-flow nasal oxygen (NHFO2) vs conventional oxygen (nasal prongs, face mask, mouth guard) for procedural sedation in adults and children. - Methods:...
The Influence of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Leakage and Oxygenation Using a Laryngeal Mask Airway
A Randomized Trial
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed September 2022 by Dr Liam O'Doherty
An RCT of adult patients undergoing surgery (urology, gynaecology, peripheral) with mandatory ventilation via a Proseal LMA mask randomised to PEEP 8.2 cmH2O (PEEP group) or PEEP 0 cmH2O (ZEEP...
Respiratory Adverse Events After LMA® Mask Removal in Children
A Randomized Trial Comparing Propofol to Sevoflurane
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Justin Skowno
This RCT in 134 low risk children having general anaesthesia with an LMA were randomized between propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia, with fentanyl analgesia, awake LMA removal and other clinical...
