Design considerations for development of cuffed endotracheal tube for small airways
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed May 2025 by Dr Cedric Sottas
This paper and the work relating to the design of endotracheal tubes specifically for the paediatric population was sponsored and funded by Medtronic. The article begins by introducing technical...
International multiinstitutional external validation of preoperative risk scores for 30 day in hospital mortality in paediatric patients
British Journal of Anaesthesia
Reviewed March 2025 by Dr Andrew Hughes
This is an external validation study of two patient-specific paediatric preoperative risk scores for 30-day in-hospital mortality The Pediatric Risk Assessment (PRAm) score and the intrinsic...
Awake Supraglottic Airway Placement in Pediatric Patients for Airway Obstruction or Difficult Intubation
Insights From an International Airway Registry (PeDI)
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed May 2025 by Dr Henrik Hack
A large, prospective, observational study using data from the international, multi-centre PEDI registry. Data was contributed from 18 institutions. All cases of awake supraglottic airway (SGA)...
High-flow nasal oxygen for children's airway surgery to reduce hypoxaemic events
A randomised controlled trial
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Richard Barnes
This prospective randomised trial was conducted in five tertiary Australian paediatric centres. The trial compared two techniques of oxygen delivery during tubeless ENT airway surgery in children...
Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants
The New England Journal of Medicine
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Siak Lee
This study compares first pass intubation success using video vs. direct laryngoscopy in neonates. Single centre, randomised, prospective trial of 214 patients at a tertiary centre in Dublin...
Peri-operative cardiac arrest in children as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Operative cardiac arrest in children as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Anaesthesia
Reviewed August 2024 by Dr Heather Patterson
The focus for the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) was perioperative cardiac arrest. This paper by Oglesby and colleagues synthesizes the paediatric data from NAP7, highlighting risk factors and...
Inverse ratio ventilation versus conventional ratio ventilation during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula
A randomized clinical trial.
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed July 2024 by Dr K C Law
This study is based upon the practice of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) used in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) to improve oxygenation and lung function. IRV can be used to prevent...
Awake caudal anesthesia in ex-premature infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery
A narrative review.
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed July 2024 by Dr John Burnett
It is well known that ex-premature infants are a high risk patient group, particularly with regard to perioperative apnoea. A question that is front of mind for most paediatric anaesthetists is “how...
Second infant spinal anesthetic
Incidence, dose modification, and adverse events after initial failure
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed June 2024 by Dr Henrik Hack
To determine the overall spinal failure rate, incidence of second spinal attempt and success rate and any associated adverse events in infants. The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne has a long...
The effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturations on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants a pilot study
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed June 2024 by Dr Laura Panizza
Summary: This study by Jock et al assessed the effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery...
The effect of augmented reality on preoperative anxiety in children and adolescents
A randomized controlled trial
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed June 2024 by Dr Jon Stacey
Augmented Outcomes or Virtual Benefits? Prior to a more thorough discussion, and for those with limited time, it must first be noted that the text of the abstract and that of the manuscript’s main...
The relationship between gastric ultrasound findings and endoscopically aspirated volume in infants and determining the antral cutoff value for empty stomach diagnosis
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed August 2024 by Dr Aisling Gormley
This single centre, prospective observational study, performed in a paediatric endoscopy unit between November 2021 and June 2022 examines the relationship between ultrasound measured gastric antrum...
Evaluation of quality of care in neonatal anesthesia using a bundle of intraoperative parameters
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed December 2023 by Dr Eamonn Upperton
Inspired by the SAFETOTS ‘10Ns’ of quality in paediatric anaesthesia, this paper sets out to measure how often physiological variables stray outside the target range during and after neonatal...
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Heparin Resistance in Neonates and Young Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
A Retrospective Study
Anesthesia Analgesia
Reviewed August 2024 by Dr Marlene Johnson
This study describes the development of a simple, predictive nomogram using pre-operative variables for heparin resistance in neonates and young infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Heparin...
Applied forces with direct versus indirect laryngoscopy in neonatal intubation
A randomized crossover mannequin study
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
Reviewed August 2023 by Dr Caroline Mann
This is a single centre randomized crossover trial comparing applied oropharyngeal forces of tracheal intubation of direct laryngoscopy versus video laryngoscopy in a neonatal manikin. Manikin...
Acute pain management in the neonate
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr David Sainsbury
This is an educational article discussing the management of mainly post-surgical pain in neonates from a group of authors based at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in the UK. It has sections on...
Anaesthesia for surgery in infancy
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Oh Ryong (Ryan) Kwen
This is a review article that provides a basic understanding of common surgical conditions encountered in neonates and infants. The description of the surgical procedure and perioperative anaesthetic...
Cardiac disease in neonates
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Oh Ryong (Ryan) Kwen
This paper is a review article that provides basic description of the normal neonatal cardiovascular physiology as well as several congenital cardiac abnormalities and their presentations. It is very...
Special considerations in the premature and ex-premature infant
Premature infant
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Oh Ryong (Ryan) Kwen
This is a review article that highlights the physiological and pathological consequences of prematurity in various systems, as well as their subsequent implications in the provision of anaesthesia....
Principles of anaesthesia for term neonates
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Oh Ryong (Ryan) Kwen
This paper appears to be a review article and several articles were referenced to support the authors’ statements. However, no clear description was provided to explain the search methods or...
