Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil on Neurodevelopment of Children after Inhalation Anesthesia
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Anesthesiology
Reviewed January 2026 by Dr Andrew Hughes
This prospective, double-blind RCT compares the neurodevelopmental effect of a single GA exposure using different doses of sevoflurane in children under 2 years of age. Children were randomised to...
Short-term Outcomes in Infants after General Anesthesia with Low-dose Sevoflurane/Dexmedetomidine/Remifentanil versus Standard-dose Sevoflurane
The TREX Trial
Anesthesiology
Reviewed March 2025 by Dr Roeland Passier
This is a secondary analysis comparing the two treatment groups in The Trial Remifentanil DEXmedetomidine (TREX) trial looking at early perioperative results. TREX, which is ongoing, was designed to...
Intravenous lidocaine infusion therapy and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in adolescents undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction
A retrospective study
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Elizabeth Dalton
This was a single-centre retrospective study aimed at determining whether intravenous lignocaine infusion therapy during posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic...
Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses
A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
Anesthesiology
Reviewed November 2024 by Dr Eamonn Upperton
This retrospective study looks at the risk of developing a neurobehavioural diagnosis in two parallel groups of children aged between 3 and 15 years: Those who underwent appendicectomy Those...
Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN)
A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial
The Lancet
Reviewed February 2025 by Dr Nicole Wylie
The initial trial was a prospective, open-label, unblinded, randomised and multi-centre trial designed to look at the entirely different clinical question of pulmonary and nutritional outcomes. This...
The effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturations on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants a pilot study
Pediatric Anesthesia
Reviewed June 2024 by Dr Laura Panizza
Summary: This study by Jock et al assessed the effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery...
Anesthesia and Sedation Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery
A Retrospective Cohort Study
Anesthesiology
Reviewed December 2023 by Dr Rebecca McIntyre
The authors of this retrospective study hypothesized that greater exposure to sedation and anaesthesia in children undergoing complex cardiac surgery is associated with lower neurodevelopmental...
Targeted temperature management in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or acute ischaemic stroke
Updated consensus guideline recommendations by the Neuroprotective Therapy Consensus Review (NTCR) group
British Journal of Anaesthesia
Reviewed September 2023 by Dr Megan Wellbeloved
Summary: This is an updated guideline on targeted temperature management in adult patients in the critical care setting with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or acute...
Anesthesia and neurodevelopment after 20 years
Where are we now and where to next?
Anaesthesia
Reviewed January 2023 by Dr Shona Chung
This extensive editorial starts with the history of research into neurodevelopmental effects of general anaesthesia in children: from the initial study in rats in 2003 to the FDA black box warning in...
