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Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses
A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
Anesthesiology
November 2024 by Dr Eamonn Upperton
This retrospective study looks at the risk of developing a neurobehavioural diagnosis in two parallel groups of children aged between 3 and 15 years: Those who underwent appendicectomy Those...
Intravenous lidocaine infusion therapy and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in adolescents undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction
A retrospective study
Pediatric Anesthesia
November 2024 by Dr Elizabeth Dalton
This was a single-centre retrospective study aimed at determining whether intravenous lignocaine infusion therapy during posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic...
Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants
The New England Journal of Medicine
This study compares first pass intubation success using video vs. direct laryngoscopy in neonates. Single centre, randomised, prospective trial of 214 patients at a tertiary centre in Dublin...
An observational study of gastric contents in pediatric patients with long bone fracture using gastric ultrasound
Pediatric Anesthesia
November 2024 by Dr Su May Koh
This prospective observational study involved 200 paediatric surgical patients and assessed the reliability of fasting with ultrasound (US) imaging and suction in paediatric patients presenting for...
High-flow nasal oxygen for children's airway surgery to reduce hypoxaemic events
A randomised controlled trial
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
November 2024 by Dr Richard Barnes
This prospective randomised trial was conducted in five tertiary Australian paediatric centres. The trial compared two techniques of oxygen delivery during tubeless ENT airway surgery in children...
Pediatric anesthesia in Australia and New Zealand and health inequity among First Nations and Māori children
Pediatric Anesthesia
November 2024 by Dr Meghan Cooney
This article provides excellent context for starting to understand health inequity among First Nations and Māori children and young people in Australia and New Zealand. It is essential reading as we...
Comparison of postoperative pain in children after maintenance anaesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane
A systematic review and meta-analysis
British Journal of Anaesthesia
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 randomised controlled trials that compared post-operative pain between sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia in children. The primary outcome was...
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Heparin Resistance in Neonates and Young Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
A Retrospective Study
Anesthesia Analgesia
August 2024 by Dr Marlene Johnson
This study describes the development of a simple, predictive nomogram using pre-operative variables for heparin resistance in neonates and young infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Heparin...
Natural airway as an alternative to intubation for pediatric endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal
A retrospective cohort study of 326 patients
Pediatric Anesthesia
Endoscopic removal of oesophageal foreign bodies (EFB) in children is an urgent or emergency procedure traditionally performed with endotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. A shift in...
The relationship between gastric ultrasound findings and endoscopically aspirated volume in infants and determining the antral cutoff value for empty stomach diagnosis
Pediatric Anesthesia
August 2024 by Dr Aisling Gormley
This single centre, prospective observational study, performed in a paediatric endoscopy unit between November 2021 and June 2022 examines the relationship between ultrasound measured gastric antrum...
Pediatric Intraoperative Electromyographic Responses at the Adductor Pollicis and Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscles
A Prospective, Comparative Analysis
Anesthesia Analgesia
August 2024 by Dr Aileen Fenelon
Summary This prospective comparative analysis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recording cAMP’s (compound muscle action potentials) from the lower extremity and compared paired responses...
Peri-operative cardiac arrest in children as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Operative cardiac arrest in children as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Anaesthesia
August 2024 by Dr Heather Patterson
The focus for the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) was perioperative cardiac arrest. This paper by Oglesby and colleagues synthesizes the paediatric data from NAP7, highlighting risk factors and...
Inverse ratio ventilation versus conventional ratio ventilation during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula
A randomized clinical trial.
Pediatric Anesthesia
This study is based upon the practice of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) used in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) to improve oxygenation and lung function. IRV can be used to prevent...
Comparison of preformed microcuff and preformed uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric cleft palate surgery
A randomized controlled trial
Pediatric Anesthesia
July 2024 by Dr Kevin McCarthy
This was an RCT of microcuff oral RAE versus uncuffed oral RAE endotracheal tubes for cleft palate surgery. The microcuff tubes were associated with a lower tube exchange rate (0% vs. 38%) and lower...
Comparison of the efficacy of intranasal atomised dexmedetomidine versus intranasal atomised ketamine as a premedication for sedation and anxiolysis in children undergoing spinal dysraphism surgery
A randomized controlled trial.
European Journal of Anaesthesiology
This is a prospective randomised double blind trial in a single paediatric tertiary centre. 64 children aged 1 to 10y referred for elective spinal dysraphism surgery. Patients were randomly...
Awake caudal anesthesia in ex-premature infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery
A narrative review.
Pediatric Anesthesia
It is well known that ex-premature infants are a high risk patient group, particularly with regard to perioperative apnoea. A question that is front of mind for most paediatric anaesthetists is “how...
Canadian tertiary care pediatric massive hemorrhage protocols
A survey and comprehensive national review
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
Bleeding, often because of unintentional injury, is a leading cause of death in children Massive haemorrhage protocols improve outcomes. Dedicated paediatric protocols are needed due to unique...
Second infant spinal anesthetic
Incidence, dose modification, and adverse events after initial failure
Pediatric Anesthesia
To determine the overall spinal failure rate, incidence of second spinal attempt and success rate and any associated adverse events in infants. The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne has a long...
Population Pharmacokinetics of Single Bolus Dose Fentanyl in Obese Children
Anesthesia Analgesia
Background: Childhood obesity is a significant problem. Obesity may alter the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of many medications. Fentanyl is commonly used in paediatric anaesthesia, but there is a paucity...
The effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturations on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants a pilot study
Pediatric Anesthesia
Summary: This study by Jock et al assessed the effect of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation on postoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in neonates and infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery...
The effect of augmented reality on preoperative anxiety in children and adolescents
A randomized controlled trial
Pediatric Anesthesia
Augmented Outcomes or Virtual Benefits? Prior to a more thorough discussion, and for those with limited time, it must first be noted that the text of the abstract and that of the manuscript’s main...
It's time to stop using nitrous oxide for pediatric mask induction
Pediatric Anesthesia
This short ‘perspectives essay’ is aimed at getting anaesthetists to reconsider the routine use of nitrous oxide in mask induction of anaesthesia. The points raised in the article include: Greater...
Effect of BIS-guided anesthesia on emergence delirium following general anesthesia in children
A prospective randomized controlled trial
Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine
February 2024 by Dr Priya Sreedharan
This prospective, randomised, double-blinded study was conducted at the University hospital of Ostrava in the Czech Republic. The study hypothesized that optimizing the depth of general anaesthesia...
The accuracy of the ultrasound measured transverse cricoid diameter and the epiphyseal transverse diameter of the distal radius in predicting the pediatric endotracheal tube size
Pediatric Anesthesia
January 2024 by Dr Sorcha Evans
This single centre prospective randomised study in Egypt looked at the use of USS measurements of the transverse cricoid distance (TCD) and the epiphyseal diameter of the distal radius to predict the...
